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How biopesticides can help ensure national food security

How biopesticides can help ensure national food security

  • Categories:Industry news
  • Author:
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  • Time of issue:2022-07-06
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(Summary description)

How biopesticides can help ensure national food security

(Summary description)

  • Categories:Industry news
  • Author:
  • Origin:
  • Time of issue:2022-07-06
  • Views:0
Information

Background

In 2022, the National People's Congress proposed the construction of 100 million high-standard farmland. Strengthen the stable output of grain and other important agricultural products to ensure the supply. Stabilize the sown area of grain, strengthen the field management of summer grain for late sowing of wheat, and promote the yield increase of soybean and oil crops. Appropriately increase the minimum purchase price of rice and wheat. Ensure the supply and price stability of agricultural materials such as chemical fertilizers, re-grant agricultural subsidies to grain farmers, and increase support to main producing areas, so that farmers can have reasonable income from growing grain and the main producing areas have internal motivation. Resolutely stick to the red line of 1.8 billion mu of cultivated land, delimit permanent basic farmland, and effectively curb the "non-agriculturalization" of cultivated land and prevent "non-food conversion". Strengthen the transformation of low-and medium-yield farmland, build 100 million mu of high-standard farmland, and build and transform a number of large and medium-sized irrigation areas. Increase the protection of black land and comprehensive utilization of saline-alkali land. Start the third national soil survey. Accelerate the revitalization of seed industry, strengthen the research and popularization of agricultural science and technology, and improve the level of agricultural machinery and equipment. Improve the ability of agricultural meteorological disaster prevention and control and animal and plant disease prevention and control. Strengthen the regulation and control of pig production capacity, and do a good job in the production and supply of livestock, poultry, aquatic products and vegetables. All regions have the responsibility to ensure the national food security, and it is even more important to stabilize food production in the areas where food is transferred. Everyone must work together to ensure that the country’s “rice bag” and “vegetable basket” are well-filled, and that we have a secure food supply for more than 1.4 billion Chinese people.

What is "high standard"? The "high" and "irreplaceable" of high-standard farmland have four major manifestations. "The first' high' is high farmland quality, the second' high' is high output capacity, the third' high' is high disaster resistance, and the fourth' high' is high resource utilization efficiency." With the national prohibition of highly toxic pesticides and the reduction of fertilizer consumption, bio-pesticides and bio-fertilizers will play an increasingly prominent role in promoting the green and efficient development of China's agriculture in the future.

1.  At present, the use of crop pesticides in China is facing great challenges.

A. Excessive chemical residues

Long-term excessive use of agricultural chemicals, such as pesticides, leads to the imbalance of soil nutrients, the decline of soil fertility and organic matter, which makes the pollution of soil and water environment increasingly prominent. Moreover, the residues of a large number of toxic and harmful substances also bring serious potential safety hazards, threatening agricultural products and environmental safety.

In recent years, 46 kinds of high-toxic and high-risk pesticides have been banned, and 20 kinds of high-toxic and high-risk pesticides have been restricted. For the existing high-toxic and high-risk pesticides, measures such as fixed-point management, real-name purchase, purchase and sale ledger, and traceability management have been taken to speed up the elimination of high-toxic pesticides and promote the popularization and application of biogenic pesticides.

By the end of 2024, the existing 10 kinds of highly toxic pesticides will be phased out.

B.  The risk of crop yield reduction is high.

The main diseases of crops are epidemic diseases, and once they occur, it is easy to cause widespread diseases, resulting in a significant decline in crop yield. In addition, the toxins accumulated by diseases can also cause food safety problems.

After wheat scab disease, it usually causes 20%~30% yield reduction. Pathogenic bacteria will produce toxins and cause food safety problems.

Gray mold of cucumber occurs in 70% ~ 80% of the protected areas, and the yield decreases by 10% when the disease is mild, and generally by 20% ~ 30%. In severe cases, the lower part of the plant rots, the stems and vines break off, and the whole plant dies.

C.  The drug resistance of the disease increased.

After the pesticide with high toxicity and high residue is banned, the varieties of pesticides that can be used to control vegetable diseases and insect pests are greatly reduced, and a single agent is under high selection pressure, which makes some intractable pests more and more difficult to control. The traditional pest control strategy relying on chemical pesticides is unsustainable and must be changed.

To solve these challenges and problems, the excellent characteristics and substitution effect of biopesticides will become more and more obvious. At present, the popularization of biopesticides in China is not smooth sailing, and the awareness and acceptance of biopesticides by growers are not enough. However, in the past few years, the penetration rate of biopesticides (less than 10%) has gradually increased with the drive of national policies and the vigorous promotion of enterprises.

Policy: The "14th Five-Year Plan" for the development of agricultural pesticide industry in China proposes to increase the research and development of microbial pesticides. Products: The state proposes to give priority to the development of Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, Bacillus subtilis, etc. For common diseases or pests, the state has given recommended products, such as Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt.), Metarhizium anisopliae CQMa421 and other low-toxic chemicals are used for control borer; for rice planthopper, the preferred choice is biopesticides such as Metarhizium anisopliae CQMa421, Beauveria bassiana and matrine.

The state clearly put forward that the national "green demonstration county for prevention and control of crop diseases and insect pests" should be the key promotion area of biological pesticides. Agricultural modernization demonstration area, as the national key technology promotion area, will also be the key input direction of biopesticides. By 2025, the coverage rate of the three major food crops will reach 45%, and the use of chemical pesticides will continue to be reduced. "The 14th Five-Year Plan for the Development of National Pesticide Industry" points out that priority should be given to the development of the biopesticide industry and chemical pesticide preparation processing, and moderately develop chemical pesticide technical enterprises. In the Yangtze River Economic Belt, the Yellow River Basin, key rivers and lakes and other environmentally sensitive areas, strictly control the construction of pesticide production projects.

In view of the ecological requirements and industrial status in the central and western regions, we will focus on cultivating a number of enterprises with superior biological pesticides and green pesticide preparation processing enterprises. Facing the requirements of prevention and control of major diseases and pests and pesticide reduction, we will support the development of new chemical pesticides with high efficiency and low risk, vigorously develop bio-pesticides, gradually phase out old pesticide varieties and formulations with strong resistance, poor efficacy and high risk, and strictly control high-toxic and high-risk pesticides and adjuvants with environmental persistence and bioaccumulation. Make full use of new processes and technologies, and vigorously develop water-based, nano-sized, ultra-low volume, slow-release and other formulations, so as to meet the needs of large and medium-sized spraying equipment and diversified drug use. Strictly control the processing and use of powder and toxic and harmful adjuvants, and gradually realize the high-efficiency, green and harmless pesticide formulation.

2.  How to break this situation?

Increase product registration and R&D efforts to broaden the universality of biological pesticides for disease control.

The common crop control of biological pesticides presents obvious levels. The number of diseases covered by heavy input crops, such as tomato and rice, reaches more than 10 species; the number of diseases covered by moderate input crops, such as corn and cucumber, reaches more than 5-10 species; Light input crops, such as peanuts and watermelons, cover less than 5 types of diseases. At present, the application of biopesticides is mainly concentrated on high-economic crops such as fruits and vegetables. However, in China's crop planting structure, field crops account for more than 70%, indicating a huge potential market in the future.

Increase the promotion of biological pesticides.

Taking the priority coverage of demonstration bases and family farms as the leading demonstration role will drive small farmers to recognize and use biopesticides, so that biopesticides can be better applied in all crops.

Currently, there are two main types of biopesticide sales, one is government projects and the other is retail. Whether it's direct sales or opening up distribution channels, it's ultimately inseparable from these two demand markets. It is understood that government procurement is still the main source of income for manufacturers. At the end of consumer farmers, the competition among various manufacturers tends to be intense, and there is a fierce price war. However, the terminal pesticide retail stores has a great voice, and farmers have a limited awareness of biopesticides, and biopesticides have not yet formed a brand effect, which is one of the reasons for this situation.

Increase the benchmarking effect of head enterprises

Biopesticide companies build efficient marketing networks based on biopesticide products, and give play to the benchmarking effect of leading corporate brands.

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